Recent debates have emerged surrounding the anniversary of the Halabja chemical attack, observed annually on March 16, specifically regarding whether this date should be recognized as an official holiday. While Iraq’s parliament officially declared March 16 a national holiday, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) has notably declined to follow suit, sparking controversy.

This debate sheds light on broader public perceptions regarding current relations between Baghdad and the KRG. The federal government’s decision to formally commemorate March 16 has led many, particularly residents of Halabja and neighboring areas, to interpret Baghdad’s stance as more compassionate and attentive to the tragedy compared to the KRG.

However, the narrative is more nuanced than it appears. Iraq’s designation of March 16 as a holiday recognizes not only the Halabja chemical attack but also three other historical events. Crucially, this decision was a product of a political compromise—a quid pro quo between Kurdish and Shia parliamentary factions—whereby Halabja’s anniversary was recognized alongside al-Ghadir, a major religious event for Shia Muslims. Given this political backdrop, the KRG’s refusal becomes increasingly puzzling.

The KRG has argued that too many official holidays can dilute their significance, transforming days intended for solemn remembrance into occasions for leisure or relaxation, thus undermining their commemorative purpose. Yet, this argument seems inconsistent, as the KRG officially recognizes other symbolic dates, such as Mustafa Barzani’s birthday, as public holidays. Holidays generally represent societal acknowledgment and respect for historic events; therefore, the KRG’s decision against formally commemorating the Halabja anniversary has been perceived negatively and intensified existing tensions.

Adding to this controversy is the broader sense of marginalization felt by many in Halabja. In recent years, commemorations of the chemical attack have increasingly become platforms for protest and expressions of public dissatisfaction. Residents have at times even prevented officials from attending memorial events to voice frustration over perceived neglect by Kurdish authorities.